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Economics

South America: Brazil

MaxiQuim Assessoria De Mercado: Carvalho, O.

Brazil’s economic improvement was remarkable over the past decade, following many years of slow growth. On average, the Brazilian gross output of goods and services increased at an annual average..

Asia: India

IOCL: George, M.  |  Mitra, S.

The Indian economy has come a long way since the 1991 economic reforms. A decade and a half of economic reform and globalization is yielding returns that cut across all income groups. The domestic eco..

Asia: Japan

IHS Markit: Yoneyama, M.

The Japanese economy showed steady recovery for 2003–2007. However, due to the global recession in late 2008, Japan’s GDP growth decreased to –1% in 2008 and to –5.5% in 2009. Due ..

Europe: United Kingdom

Economic Advisor, Chemical Industries Association (CIA): Eastwood, A.

The United Kingdom (UK) is Europe’s fourth largest chemical economy, after Germany, France and Italy. It accounts for 8% of the European Union’s (EU’s) $900 billion overall chemical pro..

Surviving and thriving in era of enhanced OSHA PSM audits

SSOE Group: Reese, C.
Midland Engineering: Taylor, B.

The US agency is developing special emphasis programs to target specific industries, notably refining and chemicals, with owners facing rigid inspections and stiffer fines.

Keep it simple: Three key elements to fighting flammable liquid fires

Tyco Fire Protection Products: LaVergne, E.

Simple, hardy equipment, high-quality foam concentrate, and having a good understanding of the hazardous situation will remain the three keys to success, says the author.

Update on the greenhouse gas regulation by the US EPA

URS Corp.: Crum, R.  |  Broberg, B.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began regulating the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on January 2, 2011. Its long-awaited GHG controls guidance document, PSD and Title V Permitting G..

Consider new technologies to raise diesel yield in bottom-of-barrel products

Axens: Morel, F.  |  Duddy, J.  |  Wisdom, L.

The debate continues over adding a new delayed coker vs. a residue hydrocracker upstream of an existing delayed coker.

Low-pressure absorption of CO2 from flue gas: Plant economics with incentives

Politecnico di Milano: Tellini, M.  |  Manenti, F.

The precedent to this article, published in the April 2011 issue of Hydrocarbon Processing, discussed the chemical feasibility and process engineering design to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue g..

Improve integration opportunities for aromatics units—Part 1

Fluor Enterprises, Inc.: Vaidyanathan, S.  |  Zhou, J.
Apex PetroConsultants: Kapur, S.

An aromatics complex is a combination of processing units that can be used to convert petroleum naphtha and pyrolysis gasoline (pygas) into the basic petrochemical intermediates: benzene, toluene and ..